ÿþ<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" encoding='UTF-8'> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset="UTF-8" /> <title>@0:B8G5A:> ?@>3@0<8@0=5 A Perl</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/styles-site.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="RSS" href="index.rdf" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Atom" href="atom.xml" /> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="rsd.xml" /> <style type="text/css"> #AutoNumber1, #AutoNumber2, #AutoNumber3, #AutoNumber4, #AutoNumber5, #AutoNumber6, #AutoNumber7, #AutoNumber8, #AutoNumber9, #AutoNumber10, #AutoNumber11, #AutoNumber12, #AutoNumber13, #AutoNumber14, #AutoNumber15, #AutoNumber16, #AutoNumber17, #AutoNumber18, #AutoNumber19, #AutoNumber20, { text-align: left; font-family: Lucida Console, Terminal, monospace } #AutoNumber6 td { text-align: left; } p.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-top:0cm} li.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin-bottom:.0001pt; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; margin-left:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-top:0cm} .whiteColour { color: #FFFFFF } </style> <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> function OpenComments (c) { window.open(c, 'comments', 'width=480,height=480,scrollbars=yes,status=yes'); } function OpenTrackback (c) { window.open(c, 'trackback', 'width=480,height=480,scrollbars=yes,status=yes'); } </script> </head> <body> <div id="camelContent"> <div id="banner"> <a href="/" accesskey="1">@0:B8G5A:> ?@>3@0<8@0=5 A Perl</a><Br><span class="description"># =0?8H8 8458B5 A8 A :>4</span> </div> <div id="designedby"> dzgn&amp;concpt::jr* </div> <div id="bigmenubox"> <div id="menuxy"> <a href="/archives/cat_news.html" class="menuEntry"> =>28=8 </a><a href="/archives/cat_files.html" class="menuEntry"> <0B5@80;8 </a><a href="/archives/cat_assignments.html" class="menuEntry"> 7040G8 </a><a href="/curriculum.html" class="menuEntry"> ?@>3@0<0 </a><a href="http://perl.phreedom.org/cyberdyne/" class="menuEntry"> D>@C< </a><a href="http://perl.phreedom.org/cyberdyne/?o=testRegPage&amp;noForumsList=1" class="menuEntry"> B5AB </a> </div> <div>   </div> </div> <div id="content"> <div id="bigmenuboxfinish"> <div align="center"> <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse" bordercolor="#111111" width="95%" id="AutoNumber2"> <tbody> <tr> <td width="100%"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center"> <br /> <br /> <span lang="bg" style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Century Gothic">01>@ ?@8<5@8 70 @<0A828 <br> </span><font size="2"></span></font></span></b>&#160;&#160;</p> <div align="center" ></div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="bg"><b><font face="Verdana"><br> @8<5@ 0</font></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt" dir="ltr"> <font size="2"><span lang="bg"><span style="font-family: Verdana">5<>=AB@8@0 AB0=40@B=8B5 =0G8=8 70 45D8=8@0=5 8 <>48D8F8@0=5 =0 <0A82.</span></span></font><br> &nbsp;</p> <div align="center" > <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" width="90%" id="AutoNumber11" height="23"> <tr valign="bottom"> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="389"> source code ( example.0.pl )</td> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="216"> output</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#712D2D" > <td width="389" height="23"><p><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="2" face="Terminal">#!/usr/bin/perl<br> <br> </font></b><font size="2" face="Terminal"> <em><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"># @075= A?8AJ:</font></em><b><br> @array = ();<br> </b><font color="#FFFFFF"><b>print @array, &quot;\n&quot;;</b></font><b> <br> <br> @array = ('one', &quot;two&quot;, 'three', 4);<br> </b> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif">#  A?8AJG5= :>=B5:AB print 8725640 548= A;54 4@C3 5;5<5=B8B5 <br> # =0 <0A820</font><b><br> print @array, &quot;\n&quot;;<br> <br> $array[0] = 'zero';<br> <font color="#FFFFFF"><b>print @array, &quot;\n&quot;;<br> <br> @array = qw {one two three four};</b></font><br> <font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font color="#FFFFFF"><b>print @array, &quot;\n&quot;;</b></font></b></font> <br> </b></font></font></p> </td> <td width="216" height="23"> <p align="left" dir="ltr"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Terminal">onetwothree4<br> zerotwothree4<br> onetwothreefour</font></td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="bg"><b><font face="Verdana">@8<5@ 1</font></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt" dir="ltr"> <font size="2"><span lang="bg"><span style="font-family: Verdana">D5:B ?@8 87?>;720=5B> =0 DC=:F8O </span></span> <span style="font-family: Verdana"><b>reverse</b> <span lang="bg">8 <0A82. </span></span></font><br> &nbsp;</p> <div align="center" > <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" width="90%" id="AutoNumber11" height="23"> <tr valign="bottom"> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="389"> source code ( example.1.pl )</td> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="216"> output</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#712D2D" > <td width="389" height="23"><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="2" face="Terminal">#!/usr/bin/perl<br> <br> </font></b><font size="2" face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"># revers5 >1@JI0 @540 =0 5;5<5=B8B5</font><font size="2" face="Terminal"><b><br> @array = qw { gore dolu };<br> print @array, &quot;\n&quot;;<br> <br> @array = reverse @array;<br> print @array</b><font color="#FFFFFF"><b>, &quot;\n&quot;</b></font><b>;<br> </b></font></font></td> <td width="216" height="23"> <p align="left" dir="ltr"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Terminal">goredolu<br> dolugore</font></td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="bg"><b><font face="Verdana">@8<5@ 2</font></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt"> <font size="2"><span lang="bg"><span style="font-family: Verdana">J2545=85 2J2 DC=:F8OB0 </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana"><b> join</b>. <span lang="bg">$C=:F8OB0 AJ74020 A:0;0@, :>9B> ?@54AB02;O20 =0;5?5=8 548= 70 4@C3 5;5<5=B8B5 =0 4045= A?8AJ:. 0B> ?J@28 ?0@0<5BJ@ ?>;CG020 A:0;0@5= AB@8=3, >?@545;OI @0745;8B5;O, :>9B> A;5420 40 A5 87?>;720 ?@8 A;5?20=5 =0 5;5<5=B8B5 >B A?8AJ:0, ?>4020= :0B> 2B>@8 0@3C<5=B. </span></span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <div align="center" > <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" width="90%" id="AutoNumber19" height="23"> <tr valign="bottom"> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="389"> source code ( example.2.pl )</td> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="216"> output</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#712D2D" > <td width="389" height="23"><font color="#FFFFFF"><b><font size="2" face="Terminal">#!/usr/bin/perl<br> <br> <br> @single = ( 1, 2, 3, 4 );<br> print join (&quot; :: &quot;, @single);</font></b></font></td> <td width="216" height="23"> <p align="left" dir="ltr"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Terminal">1 :: 2 :: 3 :: 4</font></td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="bg"><b><font face="Verdana">@8<5@ 3 </font></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt" dir="ltr"> <font size="2"><span lang="bg"><span style="font-family: Verdana">5B09;=8 ?@8<5@8 A </span></span> <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-weight: 700">join</span><span style="font-family: Verdana" lang="bg"> 8 </span> <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-weight: 700">map</span><span style="font-family: Verdana" lang="bg">. @54AB02O=5 =0 DC=:F8OB0 </span> <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-weight: 700">map <span lang="bg">- </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana" lang="bg">:0B> ?J@28 ?0@0<5BJ@ ?>;CG020 ?>@548F0 >B >?5@0F88, 70B2>@5=8 >B D83C@=8 A:>18 2 A2>5>1@075= ?@>3@0<5= 1;>:. </span><span style="font-family: Verdana"><b> map </b><span lang="bg">?>A;54>20B5;=8 8B5@8@0 2J@EC 5;5<5=B8B5 =0 A?8AJ:, ?>4020= :0B> 2B>@8 0@3C<5=B, :0B> 2A5:8 5;5<5=B =0 A?8AJ:0 A5 ?>4020 =0 ?@>3@0<=8O 1;>: ?@57 ?@><5=;820B0 </span><b>$_</b><span lang="bg">. 57C;B0BJB >B 87?J;=5=85B> =0 </span><b>map</b><span lang="bg"> 5 =>2 A?8AJ:, 5;5<5=B8B5 =0 :>9B> ?@85<0B AB>9=>ABB0 35=5@8@0=0 >B ?>A;54=0B0 >?5@0F8O 2 ?@>3@0<=8O 1;>:. </span><b>map<span lang="bg"> </span></b> <span lang="bg">5 =09->1I> :070=> DC=:F8O, :>OB> ?@54>AB02O <5E0=87J< 70 B@0=AD>@<8@0=5 =0 54=> <=>65AB2> 2 4@C3> 157 703C10 =0 5;5<5=B8 8 AJA 70?0720=5 =0 8=45:A8B5. </span></span></font><br> &nbsp;</p> <div align="center" > <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" width="90%" id="AutoNumber12" height="23"> <tr valign="bottom"> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="379"> source code ( example.3.pl )</td> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="226"> output</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#712D2D" > <td width="379" height="23"><b><font face="Terminal" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">#!/usr/bin/perl<br> <br> @single = ( 1, 2, 3, 4 );<br> print join (&quot; :: &quot;, @single);<br> <br> @triple = map { 3 * $_ } @single;<br> print &quot;\n&quot;.join (&quot; :: &quot;, @triple);<br> <br> @triple = map { 3 x $_ } @single;<br> print &quot;\n&quot;.join (&quot; :: &quot;, map { &quot; &gt; $_ &lt; &quot; } @triple );<br> <br> print &quot;\n&quot;.join (&quot; :: &quot;, map {<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; $a = 10;<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; $a *= 20;<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; print &quot; &gt; inside [ $_ ] &lt; &quot;;<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; $a / $_<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; } @triple );</font></b></td> <td width="226" height="23"> <p align="left" dir="ltr"><font face="Terminal" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">1 :: 2 :: 3 :: 4<br> 3 :: 6 :: 9 :: 12<br> &gt; 3 &lt; :: &gt; 33 &lt; :: &gt; 333 &lt; :: &gt; 3333 &lt; &gt; inside [ 3 ] &lt; &gt; inside [ 33 ] &lt; &gt; inside [ 333 ] &lt; &gt; inside [ 3333 ] &lt;<br> 66.6666666666667 :: 6.06060606060606 :: 0.6006006#!/usr/bin/perl<br> <br> <br> @lines = `dir c:`;<br> print join (' line: ', @lines );601 :: 0.06000600060006</font></td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="bg"><b><font face="Verdana"><br> @8<5@ 4</font></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt" dir="ltr"> <font size="2"><span lang="bg"><span style="font-family: Verdana">@>AB ?@8<5@, :>9B> 45<>=AB@8@0 :><18=0F8O >B >1@0B5= 0?>AB@>D </span></span> <span style="font-family: Verdana">&quot; `<span lang="bg"> </span>&quot;<span lang="bg"> 8 </span><b>join</b>.<span lang="bg"> > B@048F8O >B </span> shell </span></font><font size="2"><span lang="bg"><span style="font-family: Verdana">?@>3@0<8@0=5B>, 2 </span></span> <span style="font-family: Verdana">perl<span lang="bg"> AB@8=30 70B2>@5= 2 >1@0B=8 0?>AB@>D8 A5 ?@85<0 70 </span>shell <span lang="bg">:><0=40 8 1820 87?J;=O20= :0B> B0:020. 57C;B0BJB A5 2@JI0 2 A?8AJ:, 2A5:8 @54 >B :>9B> >B3>20@O =0 @54 >B 87E>40 >B 87?J;=5=8O AB@8=3-:><0=40.</span></span></font><br> &nbsp;</p> <div align="center" > <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" width="90%" id="AutoNumber13" height="23"> <tr valign="bottom"> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="324"> source code ( example.4.pl )</td> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="281"> output</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#712D2D" > <td width="324" height="23"> <p dir="ltr"><b><font size="2" face="Terminal" color="#FFFFFF">#!/usr/bin/perl<br> <br> <br> @lines = `dir`;<br> print join (' line: ', @lines );</font></b></td> <td width="281" height="23"> <p align="left" dir="ltr"><font face="Terminal" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">example.0.pl example.11.pl example.14.pl example.4.pl example.7.pl<br> line: example.1.pl example.12.pl example.2.pl example.5.pl example.8.pl</font></td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="bg"><b><font face="Verdana"><br> @8<5@ 5</font></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt"> <font size="2"><span lang="bg"><span style="font-family: Verdana">@8<5@JB 8<0 70 F5; 40 D8;B@8@0 A0<> C=8:0;=8B5 5;5<5=B8 >B 4045= A?8AJ:. 0 F5;B0 A5 87?>;720 DC=:F8OB0 </span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana; font-weight: 700">grep </span> <span style="font-family: Verdana" lang="bg">2 :><18=0F8O A ?><>I5= 0A>F80B825= <0A82. </span> <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-weight: 700">grep </span><span style="font-family: Verdana" lang="bg">5 <>I=0 23@045=0 DC=:F8O 8<0I0 ?>2545=85 ?>4>1=> =0 8=AB@C<5=BJB 3@5? >B </span><span style="font-family: Verdana">unix shell <span lang="bg">A@540B0. 0B> ?J@28 5;5<5=B </span><b>grep </b><span lang="bg">?>;CG020 ?@>3@0<5= 1;>: 8;8 ;>38G5A:8 87@07, :>9B> 2 :@09=0 A<5B:0 A5 >G0:20 40 2J@=5 8AB8=0 (</span>true) <span lang="bg">8;8 ;J60 (</span>false)<span lang="bg">. B5@8@09:8 ?> 5;5<5=B8B5 =0 A?8AJ:, :>9B> A5 ?>;CG020 :0B> 2B>@8 0@3C<5=B, </span><b> grep </b><span lang="bg">?@54020 =0 ?@>3@0<=8O 1;>: ?@57 ?@><5=;820B0 </span>$_<span lang="bg"> AB>9=>ABB0 =0 2A5:8 5;5<5=B. @09=0B0 AB>9=>AB (</span>true <span lang="bg">8;8 </span>false)<span lang="bg">, :>OB> A5 ?>;CG020 ?@8 87?J;=5=85 =0 1;>:0, >?@545;O 40;8 </span><b>grep<span lang="bg"> </span></b><span lang="bg">40 D8;B@8@0 8;8 40 >AB028 AJ>B25B=8O 5;5<5=B. >30B> AB>9=>ABB0 5 </span><b>true</b><span lang="bg">, 5;5<5=BJB ?@8AJAB20 2 :@09=8O A?8AJ: 35=5@8@0= >B @01>B0B0 =0 </span><b>grep</b>, <span lang="bg">2 ?@>B825= A;CG09 - =5.</span></span></font><br> &nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <div align="center" > <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" width="90%" id="AutoNumber14" height="23"> <tr valign="bottom"> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="376"> source code ( example.5.pl )</td> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="229"> output</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#712D2D" > <td width="376" height="23"><b><font face="Terminal" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">#!/usr/bin/perl<br> <br> <br> %saw = ();<br> @in = ( 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 6, 7, 8, 9 );<br> @out = grep(!$saw{$_}++, @in);<br> <br> print join (' ', @out );<br> print &quot;\n&quot;.join (&quot;\n&quot;, map { $_.&quot; =&gt; &quot;.$saw{$_} } @out );</font></b></td> <td width="229" height="23"> <p align="left" dir="ltr"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Terminal">1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9<br> 1 =&gt; 2<br> 2 =&gt; 1<br> 3 =&gt; 1<br> 4 =&gt; 1<br> 6 =&gt; 2<br> 7 =&gt; 1<br> 8 =&gt; 1<br> 9 =&gt; 1</font></td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="bg"><b><font face="Verdana"><br> <br> @8<5@ 6</font></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt" dir="ltr"> <font size="2"><span lang="bg"><span style="font-family: Verdana">!;54=8O ?@8<5@ 45<>=AB@8@0 87?>;720=5B> =0 DC=:F88B5 </span></span> <span style="font-family: Verdana"><b>shift</b>, <b>pop </b><span lang="bg">8</span> <b>push</b><span lang="bg">, :>8B> A0 >A=>2=8 ?@8 >?5@0F88 4>102O=5/87B@820=5 =0 5;5<5=B8 >B 4045= A?8AJ:. </span><b>shift</b><span lang="bg"> 5:AB@0:B20 ?J@28O 5;5<=B >B A?8AJ: ?@54045= :0B> 0@3C<5=B. </span><b>pop </b><span lang="bg">8</span> <b>push </b><span lang="bg">AJ>B25B=> AJ74020B <5E0=87J< 70 <0=8?C;8@0=5 =0 A?8AJF8B5 :0B> AB5:>25 - 4>102OB 8 8720640B 5;5<5=B8 >B :@0O =0 A?8AJ:0. </span></span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt" dir="ltr"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: Verdana"><span lang="bg"> ?@8<5@0 A5 45<>=AB@8@0 8 ?>;CG020=5 =0 8=45:A0 =0 ?>A;54=8O 5;5<5=B =0 4045= A?8AJ: (?>A@54AB2>< </span><b>$#</b><span lang="bg"> 2 :><18=0F8O A 8<5B> =0 A?8AJ:0), ?>;CG020=5 1@>O =0 5;5<5=B8B5 2 A?8AJ:0 A ?><>I0 =0 </span><b>scalar</b>() <span lang="bg">8 8=45:A8@0=5 =0 A?8AJ: >B704 =0?@54 ( A ?><>I0 =0 >B@8F0B5;=8 8=45:A8 ).</span></span></font><br> &nbsp;</p> <div align="center" > <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" width="90%" id="AutoNumber15" height="23"> <tr valign="bottom"> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="324"> source code ( example.6.pl )</td> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="281"> output</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#712D2D" > <td width="324" height="23"><b><font face="Terminal" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">#!/usr/bin/perl<br> <br> <br> @nums = (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10);<br> <br> print &quot;\n&quot;.shift(@nums);<br> print &quot;\n&quot;.pop(@nums);<br> <br> push (@nums, 20);<br> <br> print &quot;\n&quot;.$nums[$#nums];<br> print &quot;\n&quot;.$nums[-1];<br> print &quot;\n&quot;.$nums[scalar ( @nums ) ];<br> print &quot;\n&quot;.$nums[scalar ( @nums ) -1 ];</font></b></td> <td width="281" height="23"> <p align="left" dir="ltr"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Terminal"><br> 0<br> 10<br> 20<br> 20<br> <br> 20</font></td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="bg"><b><font face="Verdana"><br> @8<5@ 7</font></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt" dir="ltr"> <font size="2"><span lang="bg"><span style="font-family: Verdana">@8<5@JB ?@54AB02O >?5@0B>@8B5 70 F8:J; </span></span> <span style="font-family: Verdana"><b>for<span lang="bg"> </span></b><span lang="bg">8</span><b> foreach </b><span lang="bg">8 @07;8G=8B5 :>=:AB@C:F88, 2 :>8B> B5 A0 20;84=8. 1@JI0 A5 2=8<0=85 8 =0 >?5@0B>@8B5 </span><b>next </b><span lang="bg">8 </span><b>last</b> <span lang="bg"> 70 87;870=5 >B F8:J; 8 D>@A8@0=5 =0 ?@5E>4 :J< A;5420I8O 5;5<5=B (AJ>B25B=> 5:2820;5=B=8 =0 </span><b>continue </b><span lang="bg">8</span> <b> break<span lang="bg"> </span></b><span lang="bg">>B </span>C/C++<span lang="bg">).</span></span></font><br> &nbsp;</p> <div align="center" > <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" width="90%" id="AutoNumber16" height="23"> <tr valign="bottom"> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="324"> source code ( example.7.pl )</td> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="281"> output</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#712D2D" > <td width="324" height="23"><b><font size="2" face="Terminal" color="#FFFFFF">#!/usr/bin/perl<br> <br> for ( $i =0; $i &lt; 10; $i++ )<br> {<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; print $i.&quot; &quot;;<br> }<br> <br> print &quot;\n&quot;;<br> <br> @nums = (0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10);<br> <br> for $i ( @nums )<br> {<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; print $i.&quot; &quot;;<br> }<br> <br> print &quot;\n&quot;;<br> <br> foreach $i ( 0..10 )<br> {<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; print $i.&quot; &quot;;<br> }<br> <br> print &quot;\n&quot;;<br> <br> foreach ( 0..10 )<br> {<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; next if $_ &lt; 2;<br> <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; print ;<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; print &quot; &quot;;<br> <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; last if $_ &gt; 5;<br> }<br> <br> print &quot;\n&quot;;<br> print &quot;$_ &quot; foreach ( 0..10 );<br> <br> print &quot;\n&quot;;<br> print &quot;$_ &quot; for ( @nums );</font></b></td> <td width="281" height="23"> <p align="left" dir="ltr"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Terminal">0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9<br> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10<br> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10<br> 2 3 4 5 6<br> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10<br> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10</font></td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="bg"><b><font face="Verdana"><br> @8<5@ 8</font></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt"> <font size="2"><span lang="bg"><span style="font-family: Verdana">@8<5@JB 8;NAB@8@0 87?>;720=5B> =0 B.=0@. A?8AJG=8 >B@O7JF8 (</span></span><span style="font-family: Verdana"><b>array slices</b>)<span lang="bg">. ! BOE=0 ?><>I ;5A=> <>30B 40 1J40B 871@0=8 A0<> >?@545;5=8 5;5<5=B8 >B 4045= A?8AJ: :0B> 70 F5;B0 2<5AB> 548=8G5= 8=45:A, 2 :204@0B=8B5 A:>18 A;54 8<5B> =0 A?8AJ:0 A5 ?>4020 4@C3 A?8AJ: (8;8 :070=> A 4@C38 4C<8 - 704020 A5 8=45:A8@0I> <=>65AB2>). ! ?><>I0 =0 8=45:A8@0I>B> <=>65AB2> A5 >?@545;OB 8<5==> >=578 5;5<5=B8, 4> :>8B> A5 >AJI5AB2O20 4>ABJ?. </span></span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt"> <font size="2"><span style="font-family: Verdana"><span lang="bg">@8<5@JB 45<>=AB@8@0 8 87?>;720=5B> =0 >?5@0B>@JB </span>&quot;<b>..</b>&quot;<span lang="bg">, :>9B> 2 7028A8<>AB >B ;528O 8 45A=8O A8 0@3C<5=B 35=5@8@0 A?8AJ: AJA ?>A;54>20B5;=8 AB>9=>AB8. :> 2<5AB> G8A;0 =0 </span>&quot;..<span lang="bg">&quot; 1J40B ?>4045=8 AB@8=3>25 A5 35=5@8@0 A?8AJ: A 5;5<5=B8 AJ4J@60I8 A5 <564C 420B0 0@3C<5=B0 A?>@54 2J7E>4OI0 ;5:A8:>3@0DA:0 =0@5410.</span></span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <div align="center" > <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" width="90%" id="AutoNumber17" height="23"> <tr valign="bottom"> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="324"> source code ( example.8.pl )</td> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="281"> output</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#712D2D" > <td width="324" height="23" valign="top"><font face="Terminal" size="2" color="#FFFFFF"><b>#!/usr/bin/perl<br> <br> <br> @a = (1..30);<br> @b = (2..5);<br> print join ( &quot;\n&quot;, @a[0..5, 7..9] );<br> <br> print &quot;\n&quot;;<br> print join ( &quot;\n&quot;, @a[@b] );</b></font></td> <td width="281" height="23"> <p align="left" dir="ltr"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Terminal">1<br> 2<br> 3<br> 4<br> 5<br> 6<br> 8<br> 9<br> 10<br> 3<br> 4<br> 5<br> 6</font></td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="bg"><b><font face="Verdana"><br> @8<5@ 9</font></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt">&nbsp; </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt" dir="ltr"> <font size="2"><span lang="bg" style="font-family: Verdana">@8<5@JB ?@54AB02O >?5@0B>@8B5 70 F8:J; </span> <span style="font-family: Verdana; font-weight: 700">while</span><span style="font-family: Verdana"> <span lang="bg">8 </span><b>do while</b><span lang="bg"> 8 20;84=8B5 :>=AB@C:F88, 2 :>8B> A5 87?>;720B.</span></span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <div align="center" > <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" width="90%" id="AutoNumber18" height="23"> <tr valign="bottom"> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="324"> source code ( example.9.pl )</td> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="281"> output</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#712D2D" > <td width="324" height="23"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Terminal"><b>#!/usr/bin/perl<br> <br> @nums = qw { 23 32 4 346 45 73 2 412 } ;<br> <br> do<br> {<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; print $nums[$counter++];<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; print &quot;\t&quot;;<br> } while ( $nums[$counter] );<br> <br> print &quot;\n &quot;;<br> <br> while ( $#nums )<br> {<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; print $#nums.&quot; : &quot;.pop(@nums).&quot;\n&quot;;</b></font><br> <b><font face="Terminal" size="2" color="#FFFFFF">}</font></b></td> <td width="281" height="23"> <p align="left" dir="ltr"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Terminal">23&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 32&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 4&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 346&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 45&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 73&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 412<br> 7 : 412<br> 6 : 2<br> 5 : 73<br> 4 : 45<br> 3 : 346<br> 2 : 4<br> 1 : 32</font></td> </tr> </table> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="bg"><b><font face="Verdana"><br> </font></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left"><span lang="bg"><b><font face="Verdana"> @8<5@ 10</font></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt">&nbsp; </p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; text-indent: 18.0pt" dir="ltr"> <font size="2"><span lang="bg" style="font-family: Verdana">@8<5@JB 45<>=AB@8@0 >?5@0B>@0 <strong>splice</strong>, :>9B> 70<5=O >?@545;5=8 5;5<5=B8 >B <0A82 >B 4045=0 ?>78F8O A 4045=> >B<5AB20=5, A 5;5<5=B8B5 >B 4@C3 <0A82. 57C;B0BJB >B >?5@0B>@0 A0 ?@5<0E=0B8B5 5;5<5=B8.  A;CG09, G5 A?8AJ:0 AJ4J@60I =>28B5 5;5<5=B8 5 ?@075=, B> <strong>splice</strong> 8<0 5D5:B0 =0 &quot;>B@O720=5&quot; =0 ?>A>G5=8B5 5;5<5=B8 >B <0A820.</span></font></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> <div align="center" > <center> <table border="0" cellpadding="7" cellspacing="1" style="border-collapse: collapse" width="90%" id="AutoNumber18" height="23"> <tr valign="bottom"> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="324"> source code ( example.9.pl )</td> <td style="font-size:xx-small; font-family: tahoma" valign="bottom" width="281"> output</td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#712D2D" > <td width="324" height="23"><p><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Terminal"><b>#!/usr/bin/perl<br> <br> </b><em><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"># @81;865=>B> 72CG5=5 =0 G8A;0B0 >B 1 4> 5 =0 <br> # :>@59A:8 578:</font></em><b><br> @nums = qw { hana tul set net tasot } ;<br> <font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Terminal">print join (' ', @nums) . &quot;\n&quot;;</font><br> <br> @in_english = qw { one two three };<br> <br> </b><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><em># 0<5=O ?J@28B5 3 G8A;0 A 0=3;89A:8O 8< <br> # 5:2820;5=B</em></font><b><br> @removed = splice (@nums,0,3,@in_english);</b></font></p> <p><b><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Terminal">print join (' ', @nums) . &quot;\n&quot;;<br> print join (' ', @removed) . &quot;\n&quot;; </font></b></p></td> <td width="281" height="23"> <p align="left" dir="ltr"><font color="#FFFFFF" size="2" face="Terminal">hana tul set net tasot<br> one two three net tasot<br> hana tul set</font></td> </tr> </table> </center> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p> </center> </div> <p class="MsoNormal" align="left">&nbsp;</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </center> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id='camelFooter'> <MTBlogIfCCLicense> <div class="syndicate"> <br /> A8G:> B>20 3>@5 ?>?040 ?>4 C40@8B5 =0 <a href="<$MTBlogCCLicenseURL$>">Creative Commons License</a>. </div> </MTBlogIfCCLicense> <div class="powered"> 0428620=> >B <br /><a href="http://www.movabletype.org">Movable Type 2.65</a><br /> <br/> 09-4>1@5 A5 28640 A <b><a target="mozilla" href="http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/">Firefox</a></b> 2 <b>1024E768</b> 8;8 ?>25G5. <br/> </div> </div> </body> </html>